Retrospective analysis shows that AML treatment strategies are effective for patients with MDS or CMML with NPM1 mutations. A novel multivariate model improved risk stratification in MDS compared with both the IPSS-R and IPSS-M. The rate of abnormal cytogenetics among AA patients with MDS is comparable to or lower than the general population. CDC database analysis suggests that MDS-related mortality has declined since 2011, though significant disparities remain. The COMMANDS study compared the efficacy of luspatercept with epoetin alfa in ESA-naïve lower-risk MDS. Patients who received oral HMAs had half the mean total of health care encounter days as those who received IV or SC HMAs. A TP53 variant allele frequency threshold of 24% can inform MDS prognosis equally as well as TP53 allelic status. The IPSS-M significantly improved MDS prognostic assessment, particularly for high-risk IPSS-R cases. In patients with lower-risk MDS receiving luspatercept, electronic medical record alerts can help improve treatment dosing. COVID-19 infection was strongly correlated with severity, blast cell percentage, and degree of dysplasia in MDS. IDH1 inhibitor therapy significantly improved survival after HMA failure in patients with higher-risk MDS. Luspatercept yielded high rates of durable transfusion independence in heavily-pretreated, lower-risk MDS. Luspatercept yielded greater rates of improvement in cell lineages for patients with transfusion-dependent MDS. COMMANDS is the first trial to perform a head-to-head comparison of luspatercept against an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent. Enrolled patients had non-del(5q) relapsed or refractory disease and were ineligible for erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. A retrospective study's regression analysis confirmed survival effect of cytarabine-based regimens and allogeneic HSCT. Inherited thrombocytopenia is associated with risk for myelodysplastic syndromes and malignancies.